I concur with the submission by "C". Definitely check adjoining rooms. I have noticed the attic mentioned as a possibility for a j-box. Depending on area of the country and age of the house, the crawlspace under the house (if any) is also a possibility.
If no luck with any of the other suggestions, look into the following:
Measure the distance (along the wall) between the last working receptacle and the first dead one. If the house was built within the last 25 years or so, there should be no more than 12 feet between them (per National Electrical Code). If they are within this specification, then it is unlikely that you have a buried box (although I have seen it before). If they are not within this spec. then it is highly likely that you do.
It is not exact, but there is a method that will usually locate the buried box. Measure the height to the center of the other receptacle boxes in the room. Take a good straight-edge (a 4 ft level works great) along the wall, at that height, and look for a possible bulge in the wall. If you do indeed have a buried box, it will usually show up this way.
One other possibility that I have not seen mentioned yet. Do you have, or had, a rat/mice problem? Rodents just love to chew on NM wire (until it kills them, of course). If this is possible, you may be running a new wire.